According to @Excellion on X on Oct 5, 2025, fighting mining centralization is structurally difficult due to energy centralization and economies of scale, but active efforts continue to counter it. According to @Excellion on X on Oct 5, 2025, current work includes open-source ASICs, enabling miners to create their own block templates via DATUM and Stratum v2, and protocol optimizations intended to level the playing field for smaller miners. According to @Excellion on X on Oct 5, 2025, spam cannot be eliminated 100% but can be mitigated, and mitigation steps are the practical objective.